Which substance is commonly used in the management of shock?

Normal saline is commonly used in the management of shock primarily because it acts as a crystalloid fluid that helps to expand the intravascular volume, thus improving circulation and perfusion to vital organs. In cases of shock—such as hypovolemic shock, septic shock, or anaphylactic shock—maintaining adequate blood volume is crucial for restoring blood pressure and ensuring effective delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues.

The isotonic nature of normal saline makes it suitable for quickly correcting fluid deficits and supporting blood pressure in emergency situations. As a sterile solution of sodium chloride, it remains effective for fluid resuscitation without the risk of causing significant electrolyte imbalances as seen with other fluids.

In contrast, while glucose solutions provide energy, they do not effectively address volume depletion needed in shock management. Calcium gluconate is used for specific indications such as hypocalcemia, and hepatic enzymes are not a treatment for shock but rather indicators of liver function and potential liver pathology. Thus, normal saline's role in rapidly restoring volume and improving hemodynamics makes it the preferred choice in such critical scenarios.