Which medication is typically administered for anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine is the first-line medication used in the treatment of anaphylaxis due to its potent vasoconstrictive and bronchodilatory properties. It acts rapidly to reverse the life-threatening effects of anaphylaxis, such as airway obstruction, hypotension, and shock. When administered, epinephrine stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, while also stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors, which facilitates bronchodilation and alleviates respiratory distress. This dual action is vital in quickly stabilizing the patient in an anaphylactic crisis.

Other medications like antihistamines and corticosteroids may be used alongside epinephrine for their additional effects; however, they do not act rapidly enough to address the immediate threats posed by anaphylaxis. Antihistamines can help alleviate itching and hives but do not counteract the severe cardiovascular and respiratory effects. Corticosteroids are useful for reducing inflammation over a longer timeframe and are not intended for the acute treatment of anaphylaxis. Beta-blockers, while used in various cardiac conditions, can potentially worsen anaphylaxis by inhibiting the effects of epinephrine, making them inappropriate for this acute setting.