What is the standard treatment for anaphylaxis?

The standard treatment for anaphylaxis is the injection of epinephrine. This is because epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the life-threatening symptoms caused by the allergic reaction. It works by causing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), which increases blood pressure, and by dilating the airways, making it easier for the patient to breathe. Additionally, it reduces swelling and hives, addressing the major components of anaphylaxis.

While antihistamines, steroids, and intravenous fluids can be part of the management of allergic reactions or supportive care, they do not address the immediate and critical aspects of anaphylaxis as effectively as epinephrine does. Antihistamines may help alleviate some symptoms but are not fast-acting enough to treat the severe, systemic manifestations associated with anaphylaxis. Steroids can be useful in the longer-term management to reduce inflammation but are not effective in the acute setting. Intravenous fluids may support blood pressure in some cases but do not counteract the underlying causes and symptoms of anaphylaxis directly. Therefore, epinephrine remains the first-line, most essential treatment choice in this urgent medical scenario.