What is the first-line treatment for an adult patient experiencing acute asthma exacerbation?

In the context of an acute asthma exacerbation, the first-line treatment is inhaled bronchodilators, specifically beta-agonists such as albuterol. These medications work by rapidly relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways, leading to bronchodilation and improved airflow. They are typically delivered via a metered-dose inhaler or a nebulizer, allowing for quick administration and effect, which is crucial during an acute episode when the patient's breathing is compromised.

Inhaled bronchodilators provide immediate relief by opening up the airways, making it easier for the patient to breathe. While oral corticosteroids play a significant role in managing inflammation and are important in the treatment of asthma, they take longer to exert their effects compared to inhaled bronchodilators. Intravenous fluid therapy is not a standard treatment for asthma exacerbations unless there are other indications such as dehydration. Antihistamines are generally used for allergic reactions and not considered effective for the immediate treatment of asthma symptoms. Therefore, inhaled bronchodilators are the appropriate first-line treatment for an acute asthma attack due to their fast-acting nature and direct effects on airway constriction.