What can cause a transcellular shift of potassium out of cells?

The transcellular shift of potassium out of cells is influenced by various physiological conditions and medical interventions. Acidosis is a well-known factor that drives potassium from cells into the extracellular fluid in an attempt to buffer excess hydrogen ions, essentially leading to hyperkalemia. Beta-blockers can also facilitate this shift by inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which normally helps transport potassium into cells.

Rhabdomyolysis, a condition characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue, releases potassium stored in muscle cells into the bloodstream, contributing to elevated serum potassium levels. Chemotherapy can additionally cause cellular destruction and the release of intracellular potassium as cancer cells are killed or damaged.

This combination of acidosis, beta-blockers, rhabdomyolysis, and chemotherapy effectively illustrates mechanisms that cause potassium to move out of cells, ultimately leading to potential hyperkalemia. Other listed options contain conditions or interventions that do not primarily induce this specific transcellular shift, making this combination the most accurate answer.