In the management of metabolic acidosis, which of the following substances is included in the mnemonic 'MUDPILES'?

The mnemonic 'MUDPILES' is used to help remember the common causes of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. In the context of this mnemonic, the substances listed are indicative of specific toxins or conditions that can lead to an increased anion gap.

Paraldehyde is included in 'MUDPILES' as it is associated with metabolic acidosis due to its effects on cellular metabolism and potential for toxicity. Its metabolism can produce lactic acid and lead to metabolic acidosis, making it a pertinent substance in this context.

In contrast, the other substances listed do not fit within the common causes outlined by 'MUDPILES.' Phenobarbital is primarily an anticonvulsant and sedative with different metabolic implications. Acetaminophen, while it can cause hepatotoxicity, is not typically associated with raising the anion gap in the same way that the substances in 'MUDPILES' are. Acidaminos is not a recognized substance in clinical practice related to metabolic acidosis.

Therefore, paraldehyde's inclusion in 'MUDPILES' underscores its relevance in causing high anion gap metabolic acidosis in certain toxicological scenarios.